Pump mechanism for hydraulic jacks and like apparatus.



E. P. HEss.

PUMP MEGHANISM FOR HYDRAULIG'JAGKS AND LIKE APPARATUS.-

APPLICATION FILED 2313.17, 1912.

1,080,062. Patented Dec. 2, 1913.

Q SHEETS-SHEET 1.

. E.P.HBss. 4- PUMP MECHANISM FOR HYDRAULIC JAGKS AND LIKE APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED FEBJ?, 1912.

1,080,062. l Patented maa-1913.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.`

UNiTEn sTATus .PATENT carica.

ERWIN P. HESS, OF SOUTH BETHLEHEM, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO BETHLEHEE STEEL COMPANY, OF SOUTH BETHLEHEM, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION 0F PENNSYLVANIA;

PUMP MECHANISM FOR HYDRAULIC JACKS AND LIKE APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 2, 1913.

Application led February 17, 1912. Serial No. 678,325.

Mechanism .for Hydraulic J acks and like Apparatus, of which the following is a speci- .ication.

My invention relates to improvements in pumps and is designed to provide pump mechanism of a novel and eiicient character for effecting the operation of hydraulic apparatus such as jacks, presses, elevators, cranes, punches, riveters, etc., or for other purposes, as for example, to force iiuid into a pressure tank.

A further object of my invention is to provide pump mechanism of this character by which the speed of the ram or plunger' of the jack or other apparatus, may be automatically reduced in proportion to the load being lifted.

The power of a hydraulic jack, press or the like being inversely proportional to the speed of its ram travel, a small unit lift is' necessary when the load is heavy and my invention provides a pump which is so ar ranged that the vo'lume of liquid forced un-j der the ram is automatically increasedunder a light load, but, is reduced with a heavy load to meet the varying conditions of usage. The nature of my invention will be best understood by referring to the accompany' ing drawing, in which I have shown an em bodiment thereof, it being understood, howlever, that various changes may be made in the details of construction and arrangement of the parts of the mechanism without de-A parting from the spirit and scope of my' invention.

Figure 1 is a .vertical sectional view showing one embodiment of the invention, in'

which the improved pump is shown as applied to a hydraulic jack. Fig. 2 is a detail sectional view of the pumping mechanism and its connection to the jack .cylinder or casing.

In the drawing the numeral 10 designates a hollow jack cylinder or casing adapted to contain fluid under pressure which is provided with an `integrally closed bottom or base 11 and is open at the opposite end.

Operating within the cylinder 10 is an outer cylindrical ram or sleeve 12 having a lower enlarged portion or flange 13 which engages a stop collar 14 which is screwed within the upper end of the cylinder 10 and projects `into the cylinder to act as a stop against the flange 13. The outer ram or sleeve 12 is provided with a plurality of projections 12 at its lower end, whereby the ram rests on the inner bottom surface of the cylinder l0 and permits fluid pressure to be applied to the lower end of the sleeve 12. Adjacent its lower end the outer ram is also provided with ,a cup packingl held in place by awasher 16 and nut 17, which latter screws Aon the rain 12.

Fitted within the sleeve 12 is a hollow cylindrical inner ram or piston 18 which has an integral bottom 19 and at its upper end is provided with an enlarged and outwardly ext-ending head 20 which is screwed onto the upper end of the inner ram 18. The head is provided with the filling plug 21. At its lower end the inner rain is pro- A vided with the cup packing 22 and to secure the same into position I provide the washer 23 and nut 24 similar to that on the sleeve 12. The interior of the hollow inner ram 18 constitutes a cistern 25 for fluid supply and as will -be hereinafter described the cistern communicates with a lifting chamber 26 below the two rams.

` Formed integra-l with the bottom of the ram 18 and projecting inwardly and centrally thereof is a. high pressure pump cylinder and low pressure piston 27 which forms the high pressure chamber 28. r1`he inlet valve for the high pressure pump chamber 28 is indicated at 29 and the discharge or outlet valve for said chamber is shown at 30. These valves are spring pressed and seat upwardly in their respective chambers 31 and 32 which are bored in the hollow inner ram 18.V The lower ends of the chambers 31 and 32 are closed by the screw plugs 33 and 311, the latter being pro-vided with grooves or channels 35, whereby thechainber 32 is at all times in communication with Ithe lifting chamber 26; The valve chamber 31 has a passage port 36 which leads into lthe chamber 28 of the combined cylinder and low pressure piston 27, whereby the chamber 28 4o the cistern 25.

may communicate with the cistern 25 when wardly into the chamber or cistern 25 dithe valve 29 is unseated. Located centrally rectly below the lower end of the cylinder within the hollow inner ram is the high pres- 39 and the stem of the valve 30 projects sure pump rod 37, the lower end thereof conupwardly into the chamber 28 directly bestituting the hi h ressure piston 38 which low the piston 38. The said valve stems are 70 reciprocates in t e igh pressure cylinder 27. normally not engaged by the cylinder 39 or Secured to the high ressure piston rod piston 38, on account of the stop 64. How, 37 is a combined cylin er and valve sleeve ever, on reversing the position of the handle 39 which h-as its vertical axis parallel land the cylinder 39 and piston 38 may be lowalined with the axis of the high pressure ered suiiiciently far to engage the stems of 75 piston 38 and'of the combined cylinder and the valves 29 and 30 and hold the passagelow pressure piston 27. The lower portion Ways they control open. The load on the of the combined cylinder and valve sleeve ram will lthen force liquid in the lifting 39 has a cup packing 40 and a nut 41 at its chamber 26 past the valve 30, and thence lower end to revent leakage and may work, outwardly from the` high pressure pump 80 against a bus ing 42 on the outer surface of chamber 28 through the port or passage 36 vthe cylinder 27. The low pressure cylinder past the valve 29 into the lower portion of 39 provides a low pressure pump chamber the cistern or reservoir 25. In the arrange- 43 wit-hin the same and has an inlet valve ment the low pressure pump chamber 43 has 44 seating upwardly in the plug 45 in said a larger volume 'than the high pressure4 85 low pressure cylinder and controls a port 46 pump Chamber 28 Which pIOVdeS for a C0111- communicating with the low pressure pump paratively rapid lifting of the rain so thatA chamber 43. The pump chamber 43 is pro a light load can be raised rapidly or the vided with an escape port or passage 47 leadram run out rapidly to the load. The high ing into the cistern 25 of the hollow ram. pressure pump cyhnder 27 constitutes the 90 The passage 47' is normally closed by a low pressure pump piston and it will therespring-seated valve 48 guided in 9, lug 49 fore be seen that the pump is a telescopic and seating downwardly and hel to its duplex pump, fluid being forced underneath seat by the lower spring cap 50 and Sp1-ing the inner and outer rams from the pump 51 and the-adjustable upper spring cap 52, chambers 43 and 28 on the down stroke.

This arrangement. allows adjustment of the In order t0 force fluid remthe cistern 0r tension of thev spring 51 and lower valve reservoir 25which has been previously filled cap 50, whereby the desired pressure on the with a suitable operating fluid, under the release valve 48 is procured so as to hold hOllOW rams 12 and 18 the device OperateS .the same seated until the pressure exerted as follows: Upon the upward stroke of the 100 in the low pressure cylinder 39 is of such pump rod 37 and cylinder39 the valves 29 and magnitude as to overcome the tension of the 44 will be unseated and the fluid from the spring 51 forcing the release valve 48 from chamber 25 will flow into the low and high its seat and allowing the fluidto escape into pressure pump chambers 43 and 28. On the down stroke of the piston 38 and cylinder 39 105 The high pressure piston 38 is provided the valves 29 and 44 are closed and the dis- With a vertical port or passage 53 which charge valve 30 and valve 55 controlling the communicates at its upper end with the passageway 53 will be forced from their low pressure pump chamber 43 by means of seats by the flow of liquid from the low presone or more ports or passages 54 and which sure pump chamber 43 through ports 54 and 110 -at its lower end opens into the high pressure passageway 53. The fluid will then enter pump chamber 28 through the discharge the lifting chamber 26 through the ports 54 valve 55 which is provided with an enlarged and 53, past the valve 55 and valve 30 and head 55. The discharge valve 55 seats up-` ports 32 and 35. Since the low pressure wardly in the passageway53 and a hollow chamber 43 is of-greater volume than the 115 screw plug 56 prevents the valve from drophigh pressure chamber 28 a comparatively ping out. .The screw plug 56 holds the packrapid lifting of the ramsis provided for, ing material 57 in p ace and also provides whereby a light load can be raised rapidly a passageway 58 by means of which the pasor the ram run out rapidly to the load.

sage 53 communicates with the high pres- When, however, the load on the ram in- '1`20 sure chamber 28. The pump rod 37 is procreases beyond the point at which'the valve vided at its upper end with a horizontally 48 is set to o en, said valve will open and a extending eye 59. which is engaged by a large part otP the liquid in the pump chamrocker arm 60 projecting from a rocker shaft ber 43 instead of passing downwardly into 60 61. The rocker shaft is provided with the the lifting chamber 26 will pass out into the 125 usual operetlng h andle 62 at its Outer endcistern or reservoir 25 through the 'port 47. and has a roJecti-n'63 engaging a stOp 64 Therefore, the fluid from the high pressure on the hea 20 to limit the downward movechamber 28 only is used to raise the rams. ment 0f the handle It will be noted also that when the pressure l. '65 'The stem of the valve 29 exten-ds upin the high pressure chamber 28 is of such 13o wardly' projecting stems of the valve 29 and 30, unseating the latter and holding the .same open. The pressure or load on the ram vwill-force the liquid in the lifting chamber past the-valve through the passageway 36 and port 31 and return the same to the cistern or reservoir 25.

It will be seen that by the construction as shown, I am enabled to use both' of the pumps to procure a quick movement of the lram without requiring any great power to .bring the head or ram up to the work. It is possible by this arrangement to raise light loads rapidly and the speed will be automatically reduced in proportion as the load or thrust ,on the ram is increased and the 4excess luid is returned from the low pressurecylinder to the reservoir.

Having thus described the invention what -is claimed as new is:

1. In a device of the class described, in combination, a piston, a cylinder for said pistonhaving an outlet, a second cylinder having an inlet movable with said piston, said vcylinders telescoping one into the other, .and lmeans for establishing communication .ibetween the cylinders.

2. In a device of the class described, in combination, a cylinder having an outlet, a piston reciprocable in said cylinder, a second cylinder having an inlet movable with said piston, said cylinders telescoping one -intotheother, means for controlling the pressure in one of said cylinders, and means for establishing communication between said cylinders. 'f

3. In a pumping mechanism, the combination of a cylinder` having an inlet and outlet, a plunger reciprocable in said cylinder, a cylinder having an inlet and outlet carried by said plunger, said cylinders telescoping one into .the other, one of said cylinders con- `stituting the plunger for the other cylinder, and means lfor establishing communication between the cylinders.

4. In a pumping mechanism, the combination of, a high pressure cylinder having an inlet and outlet, said high pressure cylinder constituting a low pressure piston, a piston reciprocable in said high pressure cylinder, a low pressure cylinder carried by said high pressure lpiston and having an inlet andoutlet, and means for establishing communication between said low pressure and high pressure cylinders.

apparatus, in combination,

vhaving an inlet 5. In a pumping mechanism, the combination of, a cylinder having an inlet and outlet, a plunger reciprocable in said cyilnder, a second cylinder having an inlet and outlet movable with said plunger, said cylinders telescoping one into the other, said firstnamed cylinder constituting the plunger for the second cylinder, means for relieving the pressure in one of said cylinders, and means for establishing communication between said cylinders.

6. In a pumping mechanism for hydraulic apparatus, in combination, a cylinder having an inlet and outlet, a plunger reciprocable in said cylinder, a second cylinder having an inlet and outlet movable with the plunger, said cylinders telescoping one Vin the other, and means in the plunger for establishing communication between the cylinders.

7. In a pumping mechanism for hydraulic apparatus, in combination, a cylinder having an inlet and outlet, a plunger reciprocable in said cylinder, a second cylinder having an inlet and outlet movable with the plunger, a passageway for establishing communication between said cylinders, and means for regulating the amount of luid ilowing through said passageway.

8. In a pumping mechanism for hydraulic a cylinder having an inlet and outlet, a plunger reciprocable in said cylinder, a second cylinder having an inlet and outlet movable with the plunger, a passageway for establishing communication ,between said cylinders, and

automatic means for regulating the amount of liquid flowing through said assageway.

I 9. In a-pumping mechanism or hydraulic apparatus, in combination, a cylinder having an inlet and outlet, a plunger reciprocable in said cylinder, a second cylinder having an inlet and outlet, said cylinders being relatively movable, said plunger having a passageway therein for establishing communi- .cation between said cylinders, and pressurecontrolled means for regulating the amount of fluid flowing through said passageway.,

(.10. ,In a pumping mechanism for hydraulic apparatus, in combination, a cylinder having an inlet and outlet, a piston reciprocable in said cylinder, a second .cylinder and outlet and having a greater working fluid capacity than said first-mentioned cylinder, said cylinders being relatively movable, means for establishing communication between said cylinders for the transfer of fluid, and means for regulating the amount of fluid transferred.

11. In a pumping mechanism for hydraulic apparatus, in combination, a cylinder having an 'inlet and outlet, a piston` reciprocable ,in said cylinder, a second cylinder having an inlet and outlet movable with said piston and having ya A greater working fluid capacity than said first-mentioned cylinder, said cylinders telescoping one in the other, means for establishing communication bet-Ween said cylinders for the transfer fluid, and pressure-controlled means for regulatingthe amount of fluid transferred.

12. In a pump adapted to be submerged in a fluid, in combination, a cylinder having an inlet and outlet adjacent one end, a piston reciprocable in said cylinder and provided with a valved passageway, a second cylinder having an inlet and communicating with said first-mentioned cylinder through said passageway, said cylinders telescoping one in the other, and springpressed means for controlling the pressure in one of said cylinders.

13..In a in a fluid, in combination, a cylinder having an inlet and outlet, a piston reciprocable in said cylinder, a second cylinder having an inlet, means for establishing communication between said cylinders, said cylinders telel scoping one in the other, and adjustable means for controlling the pressure in one of said cylinders.

In a pump adapted to be submerged in a fluid, in combination, a cylinder having an inlet and out-let, a piston reciprocable in said cylinder, a second cylinder having an inlet, means for establishing communication between said cylinders through the piston, said cylinders'telescoping one into the other, and adjustable spring-pressed means. for controllmg the pressure in one of the cyliners.

15. In a pump for hydraulic apparatus, the combination of a cylinder having a valve controlled inlet, a piston movable in said cylinder, a second cylinder havin a yalve-controlled inlet, means for establishing communication between said cylinders, and'means on the second cylinder or unseating the valve of said first-mentioned inlet to permit the discharge of fluid from the first-mentioned cylinder.

16. In a pump for hydraulic apparatus, the combination of a cylinder havinga valve-controlled inlet, a piston movable in said cylinder, a second cylinder movable with said piston and having a valve con trolled inlet and a valve controlled outlet adapted to be opened at a predetermined pressure within the cylinder, said cylinders having communication one with the other through said piston, and means for unseating the valve of said first-mentioned inlet to permit the discharge of Huid from the rst mentioned cylinder.

In a 'pump for hydraulic apparatus, the combination of a cylinder having a valve-controlled inlet, a piston reciprocable in said cylinder, a second cylinder connected to saidpiston and having a valve-controlled inlet and an adjustable relief valve, said cylpump adapted to be submerged 18. In a device of the class described, the

combination with a casing adapted to receive fluid under pressure, of a cylinder having communication with said casing, said cylinder having a valve-controlled inlet connected with a source of fluid supply, a piston reciprocable in said cylinder, a second cylinder connected to said piston and having a valve-controlled.'inlet, said cylinders having communication one with the otherv and telescoping one into the other, and means for unseating the valve of saidfirst mentioned inlet to permit the return of the fluid in said casing to the source of supply.

19. In' a device of the class described, the combination of a casin fluid under pressure, o a cylinder having a valve-controlled connection with said .cas-

ing, a cistern adapted to contain a supply of fluid, said cylinder having a valve-controlled inlet connected with the cistern, a piston reciprocable in said cylinder, a second cylinder movable with said piston and having a valve-controlled inlet, said cylinders having communication one with the other, and means for unseating the valves of the valvecontrolled connection and first-mentioned valve-controlled inlet to allow the return of the Huid in said casing to said cistern.

20. In a device of the class described, the combination of a casing adapted to receive fluid under pressure, of a cylinder having a valve-controlled'connection with said casing,

a cistern adapted to contain a supply of' fluid, said cylinder having a valve-controlled inlet connected with the cistern, a piston reciprocable in said cylinder, a second cylinder connected to said piston and having a valvecontrolled inlet, said cylinders having communication one with the other through said piston and telescoping one into the other, and means for unseating the valves ofthe valve-controlled connection and first-mentioned valve-controlled inlet to allow the return of the fluid in said casing to said cistern.

21. In a device of the class described, the combination with a casing adapted to receive fluid under pressure, of a cistern adapted to contain a fluid supply, a cylinder communicating with said casing, `a piston reciprocable in said cylinder, a second cylinder having an inlet connected to said fluid supply, said second cylinder communicating with said first-mentioned c linder to permit the transfer of fluid to said7 casin from the csltern, the cylinders being relatively mova e, fluid transferred, and means for returning the Huid in the casing to the ciste adapted to receive means forV regulating the amount ofe 22. In a. device of the class described, the combination with a casing having an opening at one end and adapted to receive fluid under pressure, of a plunger-fitted in said open end to close the casing and being mov-- able in said casing, a cylinder in communication with said casing, a piston reciprocable in said cylinder, a second cylinder having an inlet movable with said piston,means for establishing communication between said cylinders to permit the transfer of fluid to said casing from said second cylinder, and means for regulating the amount of fluid transferred.

23. In a device of the class described, the combination with a casing having an o-pening at one end and adapted to receive fluid under pressure, of a plunger fitted in said c-pcn end to close the casing and being movable in said casing, a cylinder in communication with said casing, apiston reciprocable vin said cylinder, a second cylinder having a fluid inlet carried by'said piston, said cylinfluid inlet carried by said piston, said cylinders telescoping one into the other, means for establishing communication between said cylinders through said piston to permit the transfer of fluid to said casing from said second cylinder, and means controlled bythe pressure of the fluid in said casing'for regulating the amount of fluid transferred.

25. In a device of the class described, the combination with a casing having an opening atone end and ad-apted to receive fluid under pressure, of ya plunger fitted in said open end to close the casing and being movable in said casing, a cylinder carried by said plunger and in communication with said casing, apiston reciprocable in said cylinder, a second cylinder having a fluid inlet movable'with said piston and plunger, means for establishing communication between said ycylinders to permit the transfer of fluid to Said casing from said second cylinder through said first-mentioned cylinder, and means for varying the amount of Huid transferred.

26. In a device of the class described, the combination with a casing having an opening at one end and adapted to receive fluid under pressure, of a plunger fitted in said `open end to close the casing and being movable in said ca sing, acistern adapted to contain a .fluid supply, a cylinder having connection with said cistern and being in communication with said'casing, a piston reciprocable in said cylinder, a second cylinder having an inlet connected to said fluid supply, said second cylinder communicating with said first-mentioned cylinder to permit the transfer of fluid tol said casing from both of the cylinders and-cistern, said cylinders being relatively movable,'means foi' varying the amount of fluid transferred, and means for returning the fluid in the casing to the cistern through said connection in the first-mentioned cylinder.

2T. In a device of the class described, the combination With a casing adapted to receive fluid under pressure, of a cistern adapted to contain a fluid supply, a cylinder communicat ing with said casing, a piston reciprocable in said cylinder, a second cylinder movable with the pist-on and having an inlet con- Vnected to said fluid supply, said cylinders telescoping one in the other, said cylinders communicating one with the other 'to permit the transfer of fluid to said casing from` the cistern, means for regulating the amount of fluid transferred, and means for returning1 the fluid in the casing to the cistern at Wil 28. In a. hydraulic apparatus, the combination of a motor cylinder,a ram Working therein and having a cavity adapted to contain the motive fluid supply, a passageway connecting the cylinder and the cavity in the ram, and means for forcing the fluid `from the cavity in the' ram through the passageway to the motor cylinder to raise the ram, said means comprising a hollow plunger having a relief outlet therein and a rel lief valve controlling said outlet.

29,. In a device of the class described, the combination of a cylinder adapted to receive fluid under pressure, a ram Working in the cylinder, means for forcing fluid into the cylinder to move the ram comprising a hollow plunger having a fluid inlet and a relief outlet, and valves controlling said inlet and outlet.

30. In a device ofthe class described, the combination with a cylindrical casing open at one end, of a hollow ram Workingv therein, a pump cylinder integral with the bottom of said ram and rising therefrom, said cylinder communicating With the casing, a piston operable in the cylinder, a second cylinder connected to said piston and having a fluid inlet, said cylinders having communication one with the other, and means for regulating the amount of Huid forced into the casing.

,31. In a device of the class described, the

-and telescoping one in means attached to combination with a cylindrical casing open A at one end, of a hollow ram Working therein, a pump cylinder integral with the bottom of saidram and rising therefrom, said cylinder communicating with the casing, a piston reciprocable'in the cylinder, a second cylinder connected to said piston and having a fluid inlet, said cylinders having communication one with the other and telescoping one in the other and means, dependent on the thrust of the ram for regulating the amount of uid forced into the casing.

32. In a device of the class described, the combination with a motor cylinder, of a hollow ram working therein, a pump cylinder integral with the bottomof said ram and rising therefrom, said pump cylinder communicating with said motor cylinder and with the interior of the hollow ram through valved passageways, a piston reciprocable in the pump cylinder, a second pump cylinder connected to said piston and having a Huid inlet and outlet, said pump cylinders having communication one with the other the other whereby one of said pump cylinders constitutes the piston for the other and means for regulatingthe amount of fluid discharged through sald outlet.

33. In a hydraulic apparatus, the combi# nation of a motor cylinder, a ram Working in the motor cylinder and havin a cavity adapted to contain the motive fluid, passageways connecting the cavityin the ram with the interior of the motor cylinder, a second cylinder disposed within the cavity and adapted to be connected with the interior of the motor cylinder through one of said passageways, means for forcing the motive Huid from the cavity in the ram through the second cylinder into the motor cylinder to raise the ram, said means comprlsing a plunger tting the second cylinder, and the plunger for regulating the supply of motive fluid to the motor cylinder.

84. In a hydraulic apparatus, the combi# nation with a motor cylinder, of a ram working` therein, means includinv a pump rod, and a member for forcing fluld to the motor cylinder to move the ram, said member having openings therein, and means for regulating the amount of fluid delivered to the cylinder, said regulating means comprising a valve controlling one of said openings, a collar loosely mounted on said pump rod and bearing against said valve, another collar adjustably connected to the rod, and resilient means inter osed between and tending to separate said) collars and yieldably holding said valve to its seat.

35. In a hydraulic ap aratus, the combil nation of a motor cylin er, a ram working in the motor cylinder and having a cavity adapted to contain the motive fluid, passageways' connecting the cavity in the ram with the interior of the motor cylinder, a second cylinder disposed within the cavity and adapted to be connected with the interior of the motor cylinder through one of said passageways, means for forcing the motive fluid from the cavity in the ram through the second cylinderinto the motor cylinder to move the ram, said means comprlsing a plunger having an annular cavity therein to receive the walls of said second cylinder and forming a chamber to receive motive luidfrom sa-id cavity in the ram, said chamber having a valved inlet and relief outlet and an outlet into the second cylinder, and means for operating said plunger.

In testimony whereof I aliix my signature in presence of two witnesses. v

CHAs. E. LEHR, E. E. EARICH. 

